叶林 發表於 2014-7-23 14:01:57

秘魯景點

http://www.sintu.com/mudidi/milu/images/pic0017.jpg
秘魯有部分景點的海拔在3400米以上,如庫斯科古城和馬丘比丘等。在低海拔地區生活的人到那裡容易產生頭痛和呼吸急促等高原反應。因此,遊客在遊玩過程中要盡量避免劇烈運動,保證睡眠充足,不宜飲酒,不宜吃得過飽。


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YY2233 發表於 2014-9-4 14:14:13

秘鲁是多种族国家,在过去5个世纪由不同族群融合而成。
印第安人在西班牙人殖民统治之前已在秘鲁土地聚居数千年,
但由于传染病散播,他们的人口从1520年代的估计约900万下降到1620年的60万。
西班牙人和非洲人和殖民统治期间大量涌入,与原住民互相融合。
秘鲁独立后逐渐有来自英格兰、法国、德国、意大利和西班牙的欧洲移民定居
。奴隶制取消后,中国人在1850年代开始进入该国工作,并成为有较大影响力的族群。
其他移民包括阿拉伯人和日本人。

YY2233 發表於 2014-9-4 14:14:59

本帖最后由 YY2233 于 2014-9-4 14:16 编辑

19世纪初期,独立战争在南美洲各地暴发,但秘鲁仍是君主主义者的大本营。因为菁英分子在独立与继续效忠西班牙王室两个选项之间发生分化,秘鲁的独立要到何塞·德·圣马丁和西蒙·玻利瓦尔发起军事行动后才成事.
共和国成立初期,各地区军事领袖之间的权力斗争导致政局不稳。
随着玻利瓦尔组建拉丁美洲联盟的计划遭遇失败,秘鲁-玻利维亚邦联成立不久后又告瓦解,秘鲁的国家认同也开始建立。
从1840到1860年代,在总统拉蒙·卡斯蒂利亚的统治之下,鸟粪出口带动国家收入增加,秘鲁随之稳定发展。
但直到1870年代,这些资源逐渐被耗尽,国家严重负债,政客的内斗重新展开。
秘鲁在1879年至1883年间发生的太平洋战争被智利击败,在《安孔条约》和《利马条约》中割让阿里卡和塔拉帕卡两省。
保守主义政党PartidoCivil的执政暂缓了秘鲁战后的内部斗争,该党一直维持到独裁者奥古斯托·B·莱吉纳掌权。
大萧条拖垮了莱吉纳政权,也引发了新一轮的政局混乱,秘鲁人民党随之而冒起。
在往后的30年,秘鲁的政治形势都围绕着菁英份子联合军人与人民党的斗争发展。
1968年,胡安·贝拉斯科·阿尔瓦拉多将军带领武装部队对费尔南多·贝朗德·特里总统发动政变。
贝拉斯科夺权后进行激进的改革以促进发展,但无法获得广泛支持。
1975年,贝拉斯科被总理兼陆军部长弗朗西斯科·莫拉莱斯·贝穆德斯发动军事政变推翻,莫拉莱斯停止了贝拉斯科的改革进程,重新建立民主制度。
1980年代,秘鲁面临巨额外债、高速通货膨胀、猖獗的毒品走私活动以及大范围政治暴力。
在阿尔韦托·藤森的统治下,国家开始复苏;但独裁、贪污和侵犯人权等指控迫使膝森在2000年备受争议的总统选举后辞职。
藤森时代结束后,秘鲁尝试在打击贪污的同时保持经济增长,现任总统是阿兰·加西亚·佩雷斯。
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