Diazepam 治療焦慮症

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Diazepam is the generic name for Valium, a prescription drug doctors prescribe to treat symptoms of anxiety disorders.

Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Valium may also be prescribed to treat the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal known as "delirium tremens."

Additionally, the drug can treat muscle spasms from injury, inflammation, or nerve disorders.

Doctors sometimes prescribe Valium along with other medications to treat convulsions or seizures.

Valium belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines, which work by increasing the effects of GABA, a neurotransmitter that moderates the activity of nerve signals in the brain.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved diazepam in 1963 under the brand name Valium for the Roche drug company.

In 1985, the FDA approved generic diazepam, manufactured today by several drug companies.

Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed drugs: According to reports in The New York Times and elsewhere, U.S. doctors issued more than 50 million prescriptions for Valium each year during the 1970s, when it was America's most popular prescription drug.

Abuse of benzodiazepines, especially in combination with opiate painkillers, has become increasingly common in recent years.

The number of people admitted to treatment programs for abusing this drug combination increased nearly 570 percent from 2000 to 2010, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

The 'Valium High' and Abuse Potential
Valium and other benzodiazepines have a high potential for abuse.

Because these drugs can increase the effects of prescription painkillers such as opioids, some people abuse benzodiazepines along with opioids for the relaxed, euphoric "high" this combination offers.

Cocaine addicts can use benzodiazepines to relieve uncomfortable side effects, like irritability and agitation.

Abuse of benzodiazepines also includes using them to boost the effects of alcohol and ease the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

People who abuse benzodiazepines often refer to the drugs by their street names, including "benzos," "downers," "nerve pills," and "tranks."

Valium can be habit-forming. If you take it for a long time, your body will build up tolerance (a resistance to the drug's effects).

If you stop taking Valium suddenly after taking it for a long time, you may have withdrawal symptoms including anxiety, irritability, and trouble sleeping.

Valium is intended for short-term use. Because it may be habit-forming, it's not recommended that people take it for longer than four months.

If you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse in the past, you may be at higher risk for Valium becoming habit-forming.

Drinking alcohol may make some side effects of Valium more severe.

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地西泮是安定藥的通用名稱，安定藥是處方藥，用於治療焦慮症的症狀。

焦慮症包括廣泛性焦慮症（GAD），恐慌症和強迫症（OCD）。

Valium也可用於治療酒精戒斷的症狀，稱為“震顫性譫妄”。

另外，該藥物可以治療由於損傷，炎症或神經障礙引起的肌肉痙攣。

醫生有時會開Valium以及其他藥物來治療驚厥或癲癇發作。

Valium屬於一類名為苯二氮卓類藥物，通過增加GABA的作用起作用，GABA是一種神經遞質，能夠緩和大腦中神經信號的活動。

美國食品和藥物管理局（FDA）於1963年以羅氏藥物公司的Valium品牌批准地西泮。

1985年，FDA批准了幾家製藥公司今天生產的通用地西泮。

苯二氮卓類藥物是廣泛使用的藥物：根據“紐約時報”和其他地方的報導，美國醫生在20世紀70年代每年發布超過5000萬的安定藥處方，當時它是美國最受歡迎的處方藥。

近年來濫用苯二氮卓類藥物，特別是與阿片類止痛藥聯合使用，已變得越來越普遍。

根據物質濫用和精神衛生服務管理局（SAMHSA）的數據，從2000年到2010年，從濫用這種藥物組合入院治療計劃的人數增加了近570％。

'Valium High'和濫用潛力
安定和其他苯二氮卓類藥物具有很高的濫用可能性。

因為這些藥物可以增加處方止痛藥如阿片類藥物的效果，所以有些人濫用苯二氮卓類藥物和阿片類藥物來緩解這種組合提供的“高”。

可卡因成癮者可以使用苯二氮卓類藥物來緩解不適的副作用，如煩躁和躁動。

濫用苯二氮卓類藥物還包括使用它們來增強酒精的作用，緩解酒精戒斷的症狀。

濫用苯二氮卓類藥物的人通常會以街道名稱來提及這些藥物，包括“苯並”，“搗蛋鬼”，“神經藥”和“垃圾”。

安定可以形成習慣。如果長時間服用，你的身體會產生耐受性（抵抗藥物的影響）。

如果長時間服用後停止服用安定藥，可能會出現戒斷症狀，包括焦慮，煩躁和睡眠困難。

Valium適合短期使用。因為它可能會形成習慣，所以不建議人們服用超過四個月。

如果您在過去曾遇到吸毒或酗酒問題，那麼您可能面臨更高的風險，即Valium會形成習慣。

飲酒可能使安定的一些副作用更嚴重。

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Valium for Dogs and Cats
Valium is also given to dogs, cats, and other animals to treat anxiety, seizures, or loss of appetite.

Additionally, it may be used as a sedative prior to surgery or other veterinary procedures.

Valium for dogs and cats should only be used under a veterinarian's guidance.

Pregnancy and Valium
Valium is not safe to use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Taking Valium during pregnancy may lead to birth defects and withdrawal symptoms in newborns.

Because Valium passes into breast milk, you should not breastfeed while on Valium.

Before taking Valium, tell your doctor if you are pregnant, may be pregnant, or are breastfeeding. If you become pregnant while taking Valium, tell your doctor right away.

Children younger than 6 months should not take Valium.

Valium Warnings
Valium has many side effects. Always tell your doctor if you have allergies to any medications, including other benzodiazepines.

Common brand names for other benzodiazepines include Xanax, Librium, Klonopin, Dalmane, and Ativan.

Valium can interact with many medications, so take it with caution if you have certain medical conditions:

You should not take Valium if you have a condition called myasthenia gravis.
You should not take Valium if you have acute narrow-angle glaucoma. Tell your doctor about any other eye symptoms.
You may not be able to take Valium if you have severe lung disease, liver disease, or sleep apnea.
Other conditions your doctor needs to know about include heart problems, seizures, alcohol or drug abuse, and depression.
If you are 65 or older, talk with your doctor about other medications that may work instead of Valium.

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狗和貓的安定應該只能在獸醫的指導下使用。

懷孕和安定
如果您懷孕或哺乳，安全是不安全的。

懷孕期間服用安定可能會導致新生兒出生缺陷和戒斷症狀。

因為Valium進入母乳，所以在Valium時不應該進行母乳喂養。

服用安定藥前，請告訴醫生您是否懷孕，可能懷孕或正在哺乳。如果您在服用安定藥時懷孕，請立即告訴您的醫生。

6個月以下的兒童不應服用安定。

安定警告
安定有許多副作用。如果您對任何藥物過敏，包括其他苯二氮卓類藥物，請務必告訴您的醫生。

其他苯二氮卓類藥物的常見品牌包括Xanax，Librium，Klonopin，Dalmane和Ativan。

Valium可與許多藥物相互作用，因此如果您有某些疾病，請謹慎使用：

如果你有一種名為重症肌無力的病症，你不應該服用安定藥。
如果您患有急性窄角型青光眼，則不應服用安定。告訴您的醫生任何其他眼部症狀。
如果您患有嚴重的肺部疾病，肝臟疾病或睡眠呼吸暫停，您可能無法服用安定。
醫生需要了解的其他情況包括心髒病，癲癇發作，酒精或藥物濫用以及抑鬱症。
如果您年滿65歲或以上，請與您的醫生討論可能有效的其他藥物而不是Valium。